YR-黏和染色体模型初探(下)

我们创建了一个新的染色体模型:YR-黏和染色体模型,30nm螺线管通过JW-梯(或YR-梯)、染色线经螺旋化形成染色体[1].通过包装比、长度的推算、染色体结构的推算、以及碱基对的推算都与实验观测值吻合,确认了YR-黏和模型的可信度.YR-染色体模型能自然、合理地解释所有遗传现象,如交换、着丝粒、全身着丝粒或弥散型着丝粒染色体、同源染色体联会及联会复合体的中央区、多线染色体与膨突、灯刷染色体、染色体分带、姊妹染色体由前期到中期不分开、花粉管会导入外源遗传物质、高等生命是怎样从原始生物进化而来的等等。 Abstract:We provide a chromosome model YR-cohesion chromosome model.30nm solenoid fold and bent through JW-ladder and chromonema spiraling to chromosomeIll.It is checked by this calculation of picked ration,length,chromosomal structure and DNA base pairs,which are all consonant with practical resultsIll.YR-cohesion chromosome model will give a better answer to the questions such as exchange,centromere,holocentromere,synaptonemal complex,polytene chromosome,puff,lampbrush chromosome,chromosome banding,non-segregation of sister chromatid,pollentube pathway and biological evolution.     

对郭德栋主编的中若干问题的商榷

本文参阅有关文献及十多年遗传学教学中所使用的不同版本的教材,对郭德栋主编的<遗传学>教材中的若干问题进行了商榷。 Abstract:Consulted some reference books and textbooks of different versions used over ten years,we are about to discuss some problems in the textbook “Genetics” edited by Guo De-dong in this paper.     

大鼠部分肝切除前后热激处理对过氧化物酶基因表达的影响

用过氧化物酶原位复性电泳(SDS-POD-PAGE)技术分析了部分肝切除(partial hepatectomy,PH)、部分肝切除后再热激(partial hepatectomyfollowing heat shock,PH-HS)和先热激再部分肝切除(heat shock follow ing partial hepatectomy,HS-PH)后肝再生期间过氧化物酶(POD)基因表达差异,结果表明,PH中表达的POD基因种类(7个)>PH-HS(5个)>HS-PH(3个);三个模型的POD总活性为:HS-PH>PH>PH-HS.根据实验结果推测,POD在肝再生和肝损伤恢复中起一定作用。 Abstract:Expression difference of the peroxidase(POD)genes during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy(PH),partial hepatectomy following heat shock(PH-HS)and heat shock following partial hepatectomy(HS-PH)was analyzed by POD renatured electrophoresis(SDS-POD-PAGE).The results showed that the expressed POD gene kinds in PH,PH-HS and HS-PH were 7,5 and 3 respectively,and that the total activities of POD in the three models were HS-PH>PH>PH-HS.The results suggested that POD play some roles during liver regeneration and in recovery after liver damage.     

RAPD分析在绢丝昆虫亲缘关系研究中的应用Ⅱ.柞蚕品种间的遗传差异

采用RAPD技术,对5个柞蚕品种的遗传差异进行比较研究.结果表明,所采用的40个随机引物中,有27个引物扩增谱带清晰且重复性较好,扩增总片段数253条,单个引物的扩增片段数在4～16之间,片段大小在0.33～3.0kb之间.不同柞蚕品种间的遗传差异较小,遗传距离(D)在0.066～0.1659之间,根据D值,由UPGMA聚类分析软件绘制了它们的分子进化树。 Abstract:Random amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genetic diversity among Antheraea pernyi.The genetic variance of five Antheraea pernyi was studied.The result showed that:27 of 40 arbitrary primers could amplify clear and repeating bands.A total of 262 fragments were obtained.Each primer gave 4~16 bands and the average was 9.7.The length of the band was 0.33~3.0kb.The D value between different breeds of Antheraea pernyi was 0.066~0.1659.The D value was used to construct a dendrogram by UPGMA.     

空间诱变水稻大粒型突变体的遗传育种研究

对粳稻农垦58经空间诱变产生的大粒型突变体进行大粒型性状的遗传分析和育种应用研究。结果表明,大粒型突变体的籽粒大小（以籽粒体积表示）表现为受多基因控制的数量性状。大粒型突变体谷粒细长,具馨香味,外观品质优,对粳稻的亲和性好,是一个罕见的优质米资源。以大粒型突变体为供体,高产、外观米质差的晚粳推广品种为受体,采用不饱和回交结合分离世代糙米外观品质鉴定的方法,将大粒型突变体的优质性状导入晚粳背景,选育出外观米质优的晚粳新品系。对采用不饱和回交方法改良数量性状进行了讨论。 Abstract:The inheritance and utilization of a stable large-grain mutant,selected from the induced generation derived from japonica Nongkeng 58 after space treatment carried by recoverable satellite,were analyzed.The results indicated that the grain volume of the large-grain mutant was quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes.The large-grain mutant had characteristics of slender grain,favorable scent,high apparent grain quality and good compatibility with japonica,and can be used as a valuable resource for improving grain quality.When high yield japonica variety with bad looking quality was used as a recurrent parent to cross with the mutant and a procedure of a limited backcross combined with identification of brown rice quality in segregation generations was applied,some japonica lines with good looking quality were developed.The utility of the limited backcross method for improvement of quantitative traits was discussed.     

Calcium ion as cellular messenger

<正>The prominent role Ca2+ion plays as a major small biological messenger is fascinating.There are many physiologically important ions,such as Na+,K+,H+,Cl?,Ca2+,Mg2+,Fe3+,and PO43?that participate in cell signaling.Among them,monovalent ions primarily contribute to rapid electrical signaling,while multivalent ions generally act as a co-factor for chemical reactions by associating with the host molecule through electrostatic or covalent interactions.Ca2+plays both roles.Its transmembrane influx supports the plateau phase of cardiac action potential and helps set the speed of pacemaker potential.Inside the cell,Ca2+switches     

A NEW LOPHIALETID PERISSODACTYL(MAMMALIA) FROM THE EARLY EOCENE OF WUTU BASIN,SHANDONG PROVINCE

Periss0dactyla0wen,laseTaPiroideaGill,lgy2?tophiaiedaeMathedthenger,1925(Radhay,l%5)Ampeqhu!~gco'etsp'nov'TypeAfragInentaryrightmaxillawithcomPleteP2-MlandanteriorpartofM2twvlo7o2)'~andhothenCountyMine,2kmeastofWutUVillageofChangleCounty,Shandong;Eariyhee,WutUFonnahon'Inagn0dsApdrihveandmedium-edtapiroid'UPpercheekdrilow-crownedandmoderatey1ophodont,withdishnCtcuSPs;MlAnconeequalt0paraconeinfor;parastylerelativefysmall,anddosetoparacone;labialandlingUalcusPsinclinedt0ndd-dleakisof…     

人SP-B蛋白转基因小鼠及细菌性肺炎模型的构建

目的:构建携带人SP-B蛋白+1580 SNP不同等位基因的转基因小鼠并进行细菌性肺炎模型的造模。方法:利用受精卵原核注射技术将hSP-B基因整合至小鼠染色体上获得F0代小鼠,将其与mSP-B基因敲除鼠进行交配,逐步去除转基因小鼠体内m SP-B基因。利用PCR技术鉴定小鼠基因型,通过测序确定+1580位点的等位基因。将铜绿假单胞菌经支气管灌注接种至小鼠肺内进行细菌性肺炎造模,对照组注射等量灭菌生理盐水。结果:F2代小鼠只表达人SP-B蛋白而不表达鼠SP-B蛋白,蛋白表达量与人肺内含量相近,即为构建成功的转基因小鼠。3个小鼠家系+1580位点等位基因为T,1个家系为C。细菌接种(1×10~6CFU/mouse)后24小时,小鼠肺泡内炎症渗出明显,大量中性粒细胞浸润,SP-B蛋白含量明显降低,但不同等位基因间在此条件下无明显差异。结果:成功构建只表达人SP-B蛋白的转基因小鼠模型,细菌性肺炎模型造模成功,为今后进一步研究人SP-B蛋白的生理功能及+1580基因多态性与肺疾病的关系提供了有力的工具。     

过氧化氢驱动的细胞色素P450酶研究进展

细胞色素P450酶在自然界中广泛存在,能催化多种类型的氧化反应,在有机合成和生物化工方面具有重要的应用潜力。尽管大多数P450酶通常需要辅酶和复杂的电子传递体系协助活化氧分子,一些P450酶也可以利用过氧化氢作为末端氧化剂,这极大地简化了催化循环,为P450酶的合成应用提供了一条新的简便途径。本文系统地介绍了几类过氧化氢驱动的P450酶催化体系,包括脂肪酸羟化酶P450SPα和P450BSβ、脂肪酸脱羧酶P450OleTJE、人工改造的羟化酶P450BM3和P450cam突变体、以及基于底物误识别策略的P450-H2O2体系。通过分析催化反应机制,本文探讨了P450-H2O2催化体系在目前存在的挑战和可能的解决途径,并对其进一步应用前景进行了展望。